Umkhakha wesimanje wamandla uncike kakhulu ezindleleni zokukhipha izinsiza eziphumelelayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo somhlaba wonke sama-hydrocarbon. Ukwephula amatshe ngomfutho wamanzi, noma i-fracking, kuguqule ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi ngokukhipha izinsiza ezivaleke emadwaleni aqinile. Enhliziyweni yale nqubo kunengxenye ebalulekile: i-proppant. Ama-proppant ayizinto eziyimbumbulu eziphonswa emifantwini ngesikhathi sokwephula amatshe ngomfutho wamanzi ukuze zigcine imifantu ivulekile ngemva kokukhululwa kwengcindezi, okuvumela uwoyela negesi ukuthi ageleze ngokukhululekile emthonjeni. Ngaphandle kwama-proppant asezingeni eliphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kwemifantu kuncipha ngokushesha, kunciphisa umkhiqizo womthombo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho. Ukuqonda isayensi engemuva kokukhethwa kwama-proppant kubalulekile kunoma iyiphi inkampani esebenza ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kukawoyela negesi.IKHASI e-Hebei Kaiyuan Petroleum Proppant Co., Ltd., lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi izixazululo eziphambili zama-proppant zilolonga kanjani ikusasa lokukhishwa kwamandla.

Njengoba umnotho womhlaba uthuthuka uye ekuhlanganiseni imithombo yamandla ehlukahlukene, indima kawoyela negesi yemvelo isabalulekile, ikakhulukazi ekulinganiseni izinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo angapheli. Igesi yemvelo, evame ukukhiqizwa ngosizo lokwephula amadwala (fracking), ithathwa njengophethiloli wokuhlanganisa ohambisana namandla avuselelekayo nezinjongo zokuthuthuka okusimeme. Umkhakha wamandla uya ngokuya ubheka izindlela zokunciphisa umthelela wawo emvelweni ngenkathi ugcina umkhiqizo, futhi ama-proppants anomthelela ngokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwemithombo yamandla nokunciphisa inani lemithombo edingekayo. Izinkampani ezitshala imali kubuchwepheshe obuphakeme be-proppants zithola inzuzo yokuncintisana ngamazinga aphezulu okuthola amandla kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza. Lesi sethulo esiyisingeniso sibeka isisekelo sokungena ekujuleni okuqondile kwemikhiqizo ye-proppant evela e-河北凯源石油支撑剂有限公司 kanye nomthelela wayo ekukhiqizeni kwamanje.

Ama-proppant awawona nje izinto zokugcwalisa; ayimikhiqizo enobuchwepheshe enomthelela ngqo empumelelweni yemisebenzi ye-hydraulic fracturing. Emkhakheni omkhulu wamandla, ukusebenza kahle kokutholwa kwe-hydrocarbon kunquma umnotho wephrojekthi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Lapho kwenziwa ukuqhekeka, kufanele kuvulwe ngento eqinile ngokwanele ukumelana nezingcindezi ezinkulu zokuvala ngaphansi komhlaba. Uma i-proppant ichoboza, ingena esakhiweni, noma ikhiqiza izinhlayiya ezincane, ukusebenza kokuqhekeka kuyehla, futhi umkhiqizo wehla ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Yingakho ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele, usayizi, kanye nekhwalithi ye-proppant kuyisinqumo esinamasu okufanele abaqhubi basenze ngokusekelwe ezicini zesizinda kanye nomklamo wokuqedela. I-Hebei Kaiyuan Petroleum Proppant Co., Ltd. itshale izinsiza ezinkulu zocwaningo nokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza ama-proppant ahlangabezana nezimo ezinzima kakhulu ezingaphansi komhlaba. Enkampanini efuna ubuchwepheshe.Okwenziwe Ngokwezifiso izixazululo, umlingani ofanele we-proppant angenza umehluko olinganisekayo ekusebenzeni komthombo.

Ukuhlangana kobuchwepheshe be-proppant kanye nenqubomgomo ebanzi yamandla nakho kufanele kuhlolwe. Ohulumeni kanye neziphathimandla ezinjengomnyango wezamandla amasha nawavuselelekayo bagqugquzela imithombo yamandla ehlanzekile, kodwa futhi bayakuvuma isidingo sokukhipha amandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngesikhathi soguquko. Ama-proppant asebenza kahle asiza ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo ngeyunithi ngayinye yamandla akhiqizwayo ngokunciphisa inani lemigodi edingekayo kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi namakhemikhali. Ukwengeza, ukusebenza kwe-proppant kuhlangana ngqo ezingxoxweni zamandla avuselelekayo nentuthuko esimeme ngoba igesi yemvelo ekhishwa ngokusebenzisa i-fracking elungiselelwe ikhipha i-carbon dioxide encane kunamalahle uma ishishelwa ugesi. Ochwepheshe bezimboni bavame ukufuna ubuchwepheshe bamandla ukuze bahambisane nezinqubo zabo zokumba nezindinganiso zemvelo eziguqukayo. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwama-proppant ngakho-ke akusona nje isidingo sobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi kuyingxenye yokuphathwa kwezinsiza ngokuzibophezela emkhakheni wamandla wesimanje.

I-Hebei Kaiyuan Petroleum Proppant Co., Ltd. ikhiqiza uhla olubanzi lwama-proppant aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zokusebenza embonini kawoyela negesi. Iphothifoliyo yemikhiqizo yabo ihlanganisa ama-ceramic proppant asezingeni eliphezulu, ama-resin-coated proppant, nezihlabathi zokuqhekeka, ngalinye lenziwe ngenhloso yezimo ezithile ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ama-ceramic proppant aziwa ngamandla awo aphakeme okumelana nokuchotshozwa kanye nokuma okufanayo, okwenza afaneleke emithonjeni ejulile enezingcindezi eziphakeme zokuvala. Ama-resin-coated proppant anikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe ezifana nokuhamba kahle kukagesi okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokunciphisa ukufuduka kwezinhlayiya ezincane, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside komthombo. Inkampani iphinde inikeze izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezidingo zezindawo ezingajwayelekile zokugcina uwoyela negesi, lapho ukuhlukahluka kwesakhiwo sendawo kudinga ukusatshalaliswa kobukhulu bezinhlayiya nobuningi obungokwezifiso. Imininingwane enemininingwane kanye nezigaba zomkhiqizo ziyatholakala ku-IMIKHIGIZO ikhasi, lapho abasebenzisi bengahlola khona uhla oluphelele lweminikelo.

Ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ejwayelekile, i-河北凯源 itshala imali enkulu kusayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo nokulawula ikhwalithi ukuze iqinisekise ukuvumelana kusukela ebhantshi kuya ebhantshi. Wonke umsizi we-proppant uhlolwa ngokuqinile ngezinto ezibalulekile ezifana nobumbano, ukuzungeza, ukuncibilika kwe-asidi, nokungabi nambala. Ukuzinikela kwenkampani ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kubonakala emigqeni yayo yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo kanye nezindawo zaselabhorethri ezithuthukile, okugqanyiswa kukho ku-R&D ikhasi. Kwabaqhubi abadinga ubukhulu bezinhlamvu ezithile noma ukwelashwa kwendawo, inkampani inikezela ngokukhiqiza okwenziwe ngokwezifiso ngezinsiza zayo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Lokhu kuguquguquka kubaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wamandla, lapho kungekho mithombo emibili efana ncamashi. Ngokuhlinzeka ngezinhlobo eziningi ze-proppant ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, i-河北凯源 yenza ukuthengwa kube lula futhi iqinisekise ukuthi amakhasimende athola umkhiqizo ofanele izinselelo zawo eziqondile zokuma komhlaba nezobunjiniyela.

Ukhetha i-河北凯源石油支撑剂有限公司 njengomhlinzeki we-proppant kunikeza izinzuzo eziphathekayo ezingaphezu nje kokusebenza komkhiqizo. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ukonga izindleko okutholakala ngokukhiqiza kwekhwalithi ephezulu okunciphisa ukwehluleka kwemithombo kusenesikhathi kanye nezindleko zokulungisa. Lapho ama-proppant egcina ukuqhutshwa kokuphuka empilweni yomthombo, abasebenzi babona umkhiqizo oqoqiwe ophakeme kanye nembuyiselo engcono yokutshalwa kwezimali. Ukwengeza, inethiwekhi yezokuthutha yenkampani iqinisekisa ukulethwa ngesikhathi kumakhasimende asekhaya nawaphesheya, inciphisa ukuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka okungabambezela izinhlelo zokumba nokuqedela.NGATHI ikhasi linemininingwane ngomlando wenkampani, izinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi, kanye nendlela egxile kumakhasimende, enikeza ukungafihli okwakha ukwethembana namakhasimende. Emkhakheni wamandla lapho ukuthembeka kubalulekile, ukuba nomlingani ozinikele kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe nokwelulekwa kwezobunjiniyela i-Hebei Kaiyuan ehlinzeka kanye nemikhiqizo yayo. Abasebenzisi abaningi abanalo ulwazi lwangaphakathi lokwenza ngcono ukukhethwa kwe-proppant ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izinsiza zokwelulekwa zamandla zivala lelo gebe ngempumelelo. Ithimba lenkampani lezazi zokuma komhlaba nonjiniyela lisebenza eduze namakhasimende ukuhlaziya idatha yokwakheka komhlaba, batusa izinhlobo ezifanele ze-proppant, futhi baklame izindlela zokwelapha ukuphuka ezikhulisa ukutholwa kabusha. Le ndlela yokusebenzisana ihambisana nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zomkhakha futhi inikela emandleni avuselelekayo nentuthuko esimeme ngokunciphisa imfucuza nokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kokusebenza kwe-proppant namasu ezinhlobo ezibanzi zamandla avuselelekayo kuya kuvama njengoba izinkampani ze-E&P zifuna ukwehlisa umkhondo wazo wekhabhoni. Ngokukhetha umhlinzeki obeka phambili ubuchwepheshe nokusimama, abasebenzisi bazibeka esimweni sempumelelo yesikhathi eside emkhakheni wamandla oshintsha ngokushesha.

Izikhombisi zokusebenza emhlabeni zibonisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-河北凯源 proppants ezimweni ezahlukene zokuma komhlaba emazingeni amaningi. Ocwaningweni oluthile olusuka e-Permian Basin, umsebenzisi wasebenzisa ama-ceramic proppants avela e-河北凯ini ekugcineni komthombo ovundlile futhi wabona ukwanda okungu-25% ekukhiqizweni kokuqala uma kuqhathaniswa nemithombo eseduze esebenzisa isihlabathi esijwayelekile sokwephula. Ukusebenza kahle kokuqhuba nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo kobukhulu bezinhlamvu kwaba nomthelela ekuxhumaneni okungcono kokuphuka kanye namazinga aphezulu okugeleza kwe-hydrocarbon. Ukuhlaziywa kwangemva kokuphuka kwaqinisekisa ukuthi iphakethe le-proppant lahlala liphelele ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu yokuvala, nokukhiqizwa okuncane kwezinto ezincane ngisho nangemva kwezinyanga zokukhiqiza. Le ndaba yempumelelo igqamisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha i-proppant efanele izimo ezithile ze-reservoir futhi igcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenzisana nomkhiqizi obeka phambili ikhwalithi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eminingi mayelana nomlando wenkampani, i-IKHASI ikhasi lifaka ubufakazi bamakhasimende kanye nedatha yokusebenza.

Enye isibonelo esiqinisekile sivela emkhakheni wegesi olwandle eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, lapho ama-resin-coated proppants avela e-河北凯源 asetshenziswa ukulwa nokufuduka kwezinhlayiya ezincane. Umthombo wawunezingqimba zesihlabathi ezingahlanganisiwe ezazidala ukwehla okusheshayo komkhiqizo womthombo ngenxa yezinhlayiya ezincane ezivala i-fracture pack. Ngemva kokushintshela ku-resin-coated proppant eyenziwe ngokwezifiso enokusabalalisa okulawulwayo kobukhulu bezinhlayiya, umthombo wagcina ukukhiqiza okuzinzile iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili ngaphandle kokudinga ukungenelela. Umsebenzisi wabika ukuncipha okungama-40% ezingeni lokwehla kanye nokonga izindleko ezinkulu ngenxa yokuhlehliswa kwemisebenzi yokulungisa. Lezi zifundo zikhombisa ukuthi izixazululo ze-proppant ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zingabhekana nezinselele ezithile zokusebenza futhi zithuthukise umnotho womsebenzi. Umkhakha wamandla uyaqhubeka nokuzuza kulokhu kuqanjwa kabusha njengoba izinkampani zabelana ngolwazi futhi zamukela izindlela ezingcono kuzo zonke izifunda. Umnyango wezamandla amasha nawavuselelekayo emazweni ahlukahlukene nawo uqaphele ukuthi ukukhiqiza okuphumelelayo kunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo wemisebenzi kawoyela negesi.

Ukukhetha i-proppant efanele kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwe-geomechanics yomthombo, izici zoketshezi, kanye nezinjongo zokuqedela. Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zomkhakha zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokwenza ucwaningo oluphelele lokukhetha i-proppant oluhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokuchotshozwa, ukuhlolwa kokuqhuba, kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuhambisana noketshezi lokuqhekeka. Abasebenzi kufanele futhi bacabangele ukuziphatha kokwehla kwesikhathi eside kwe-proppant ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka okuphindaphindayo, okuphathelene kakhulu nemithombo ehlangabezana nokwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe kokuqhekeka. Ukubamba iqhaza ekubonisana namandla nabakhiqizi be-proppant abanolwazi njenge-河北凯源 kungasiza abasebenzi bagweme izihibe ezivamile ezifana nokusebenzisa ama-proppant amakhulu kakhulu ahlanganisa imifantu emincane noma ama-proppant amancane kakhulu ahluleka ukuhlinzeka ngokuqhuba okwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvumelanisa ukukhethwa kwe-proppant namandla avuselelekayo kanye nezinjongo zokuthuthuka okusimeme kusho ukukhetha izinto ezinciphisa umthelela wemvelo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla avuselelekayo nokuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi yemvelo kungena kanjani ekushintsheni okubanzi kwamandla nakho kubalulekile ekuhleleni amasu.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi okuvamile kanye nokuphathwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka nakho kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela engaguquki emkhakheni. Abaqhubi kufanele basungule imibandela ecacile yekhwalithi ye-proppant futhi benze ukuhlolwa kwezikhathi ezithile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi iyahambisana. Ukuzibophezela kwe-河北凯源 ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza eziqinisekisiwe yi-ISO kanye nokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri yangaphakathi kunikeza amakhasimende ukuzethemba ekungaguquguqukeni komkhiqizo. Inkampani eqhubekayo Ucwaningo NokuthuthukiswaImizamo igxile ekuthuthukiseni ama-proppants esizukulwane esilandelayo ane-conductivity ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuminyana okuphansi, okunganciphisa inani le-proppant elidingekayo emthonjeni ngamunye futhi kwehlise izindleko zokuthutha. Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali njengokuqapha ukuphuka kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokufunda ngomshini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubekwa kwe-proppant sekuyinto evamile embonini. Lezi zinto ezintsha ziyingxenye yomkhuba obanzi wokuthatha izinqumo eziqhutshwa yidatha emkhakheni wamandla. Ngokuhlala unolwazi ngocwaningo lwakamuva kanye nokusebenzisana nabaholi bezobuchwepheshe, abaqhubi bangathuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo izinqubo zabo zokuphuka futhi bathole imiphumela engcono.

Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bokukhipha uwoyela lincike ekusungulweni okuqhubekayo kwezinto zokusekela (proppant materials), uketshezi lokuqhekeka (fracturing fluids), kanye nezindlela zokuqedela (completion techniques). Njengoba imithombo yamandla iba nzima kakhulu ukuyithuthukisa, isidingo sezinto zokusekela ezithuthukisiwe ezingamelana namazinga okushisa amakhulu, izingcindezi, kanye nezimo zamakhemikhali sizokhula kuphela. Izinkampani ezinjenge-河北凯源石油支撑剂有限公司 ziphambili kulokhu kuguquka, zitshala imali kusayensi yezinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ukuze zilethe imikhiqizo ephusha imingcele yalokho okungenzeka. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zokusekela ezihlakaniphile ezinama-sensor afakwe ngaphakathi ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa kwesikhathi sangempela kokuqhekeka kungomunye umkhakha osafufusa ongashintsha indlela abasebenzi abaqapha ngayo futhi baphathe ukusebenza komthombo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcizelela okukhulayo emandleni avuselelekayo kanye nentuthuko esimeme kuqhuba ucwaningo lwezinto zokusekela ezinokubola (biodegradable proppants) kanye nezinto zokumboza ezinobungani nemvelo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhambisana nezinjongo zomnyango wezamandla amasha nawavuselelekayo (ministry of new and renewable energy) kanye nezinye izinhlaka ezilawulayo ezikhuthaza izindlela zokukhipha ezihlanzekile.

Ekuphetheni, ukukhetha umhlinzeki we-proppant ofanele kuyisinqumo esinamasu esithinta umkhiqizo womthombo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokunakekela imvelo. I-Hebei Kaiyuan Petroleum Proppant Co., Ltd. inikeza inhlanganisela yekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, kanye nesevisi eyenziwe ngokwezidingo ezikwenza kube ngumlingani obalulekile kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi emkhakheni wamandla. Ngokusebenzisa okuphelele kwenkampani IMIKHIGIZO kanye Customized izinsiza, amabhizinisi angathuthukisa imisebenzi yawo yokufracka futhi athole imiphumela ephakeme. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokushintsha, ukuhlala unolwazi ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamandla avuselelekayo nokuthi zisebenzisana kanjani nokukhishwa okuvamile kuzobaluleka ekuhleleni isikhathi eside. Siyakhuthaza abafundi ukuthi bahlole ikhasi elithi NGATHI ukuze bafunde kabanzi ngomsebenzi namandla enkampani. Ikusasa lokukhishwa kukawoyela likhanya, futhi ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bama-proppant buzodlala indima enkulu ekunikezeni amandla umkhakha wamandla womhlaba wonke eminyakeni eminingi ezayo.