Ageni asekelayo kaphethiloli, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-proppant, ayizinto ezisanhlamvu eziklanyelwe ukuvula imifantu engaphansi komhlaba ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuhlakazwa ngamandla, ngaleyo ndlela kuvunyelwe ukugeleza kahle kukaphethiloli negesi yemvelo embizeni. Lezi zinto ezikhethekile zibalulekile ekukhishweni kukaphethiloli wanamuhla futhi ziye zabona ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe emashumini eminyaka adlule. Imboni isithuthukise izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-proppant, okubandakanya isihlabathi se-silica esihlanzekile, isihlabathi esihlanganiswe ngomgqumo, nama-proppant athuthukisiwe we-ceramic, ngayinye ilungiselelwe ukubekezelela ingcindezi ethile engaphansi komhlaba, izinga lokushisa, kanye nemvelo yamachibi. Ochwepheshe abasebenza emkhakheni wamandla, ukuqonda okuphelele kokukhethwa kwama-proppant nezici zokusebenza kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe umkhiqizo womthombo kanye nokwandisa inzuzo yezomnotho yokutshalwa kwezimali ekugadleni. Ukukhethwa kwento efanele yokusekela kuthinta ngqo ukuhamba kwemifantu, ukuphila komthombo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokutholwa kwezinsiza, okwenza kube yisisekelo sokwakhiwa okuphumelelayo.

Intuthuko yomlando yama-ejenti asekelayo kaphethiloli ihambisana nentuthuko ebanzi yezindlela zokukhipha izinsiza ezingajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ukwanda kokubhola okuyisilinganiso nokuhlukana kwezinyathelo eziningi. Iziqalo zokuqala zazisekelwe kakhulu ezihlabeni zemvelo ezitholakala endaweni, ezazibiza kancane, kodwa zazihluleka ukuhlinzeka ngokuhambisana okungaguquki ngaphansi kwezingcindezi eziphakeme zokuvala. Lo mkhawulo washukumisela ucwaningo ezintweni eziqinile, okuholele ekungenisweni kwezihlabathi ezigoqwe nge-resin ezinikeze amandla athuthukisiwe nokumelana nokuqhekeka. Izinto ezintsha ezilandelayo zakhiqiza i-bauxite eyenziwe ngomlilo nama-proppants e-ceramic anamandla aphakathi, ahlinzeke ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu emachibini ajulile, anengcindezi ephezulu. Namuhla, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-proppant isibe ngokuzenzakalelayo, nezinga eliqinile lokulawula ikhwalithi elilawula ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, ubujikeleze, ubujikeleze, nokuncibilika ku-acid. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kuye kwenza ama-ejenti asekelayo kaphethiloli abe isigaba sezimboni esikhethekile esibalulekile endaweni yamandla yesimanje.

Abaqhubi bepetroleum babalulekile emkhakheni wezamandla nezinsiza, njengoba benza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli negesi yemvelo ezindaweni eziqinile, eziminyene, namanye amachibi anomkhawulo wokungena. Ngaphandle kwezinto lezi, iningi lezinsiza zamandla angavamile ngeke zitholakale ngendlela enenzuzo, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kwazo ekuphepheni kwamandla emhlabeni wonke. Umkhakha wamandla usebenzisa abaqhubi hhayi njengezinto ezizogcwalisa kuphela kodwa njengezingxenye ezisebenzayo ezichaza impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kwezindlela zokuvuselela, ezithinta ngqo amazinga okukhiqiza kanye nezinga lokuthola amandla ekugcineni. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe abasebenza ezinsizeni zokubonisana ngamandla kufanele babe nolwazi olunzulu lobuchwepheshe ngendlela abaqhubi abasebenza ngayo ukuze banikeze abasebenzisi izeluleko ngamasu afanele okuqeda, ukuhlelwa kwemigodi, kanye nemingcele yokuklama ukuqhekeka. Amandla okuhlola ukusebenza kwabaqhubi ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zomgodi asekuwumqhudelwano wezinkampani zobunjiniyela nezinsizakalo ezisebenza ezindaweni eziqhudelanayo.

Ukuqonda okubalulekile kwamaphroppants kudlula kude nezilinganiso zokukhiqiza ezisheshayo ukuze kuthonywe izinto ezibanzi zemboni, okuhlanganisa nezokuhambisa izinto, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wesifunda, kanye nokusha kwezobuchwepheshe. Izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza amaphroppants ziye zavela ezifundeni ezinemithombo eminingi yezinto zokusetshenziswa, kwadala izimboni ezisekelayo ezisekelayo izinkulungwane zemisebenzi futhi zishukumisa utshalomali lwendawo engqalasizinda kanye nophenyo. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Hebei Kaiyuan Oil Proppant Co., Ltd. (河北凯源石油支撑剂有限公司) ziye zazibeka njengezihambisi eziwusizo zamaphroppants ezingezakhiwo kanye namaphroppants agqoke i-resin, ezihambisa izimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe omhlaba ngokugxila ekungaguquguquki, ukwenza ngokwezifiso, kanye nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kwezindawo ezingaziwa, kanye nokuvuthwa kwezindawo ezingekho emthethweni ezikhona, kuqinisekisa ukuthi isidingo samaphroppants athuthukisiwe sizohlala siqinile, siqinisa indima yazo njengento ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuqhubekeni komkhakha wamandla.

Izicelo eziyinhloko zezinto ezisekelayo zikaphethiloli zitholakala ku-hydraulic fracturing, indlela yokuvuselela ebandakanya ukujova ingxube yoketshezi enomfutho omkhulu—ngokuvamile amanzi, isihlabathi noma i-proppant, nezinye izithako zamakhemikhali—ku-wellbore ukudala nokusakaza imifantu esakhiweni samatshe esihloselwe. Uma ingcindezi yokujova ikhishiwe, izinhlayiya ze-proppant zihlala ngaphakathi kwemifantu, zisebenza njengesakhiwo esingokwenyama esibamba imifantu ivulekile ngokumelene nengcindezi yokucindezela yendawo ezungezile. Le nethiwekhi yemifantu enama-proppant ihlinzeka ngendlela enokudlulisela okuphezulu kwamagesi ukuthi angadlule esakhiweni sezinto ezitholakala lapho kuze kufike ku-wellbore, kuthuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okukhiqiza uma kuqhathaniswa namachibi angavuselelwe. Impumelelo yalo msebenzi incike kumapharamitha obunjiniyela anembayo, okubandakanya ukugxilisa kwe-proppant, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nezakhiwo zokudlulisa, konke okumele kulungiswe kahle ukuze kuhambisane nezici ezithile zesakhiwo esihloselwe. Abasebenzisi kumele futhi bacabangele izinto ezifana nengcindezi yokuvala, izinga lokushisa, kanye namathuba okuthi i-proppant ingene noma i-diagenesis, okungadala ukuthi ukudlulisela kwemifantu kwehle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kwamafutha okujwayelekile, izinto zokusekela uwoyela zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile njengokupakisha inhlabathi ukuze kulawulwe isihlabathi ezindaweni ezingazinzile kanye nezinto zokuhlukanisa ukuze kuphinde kuhlukaniswe imithombo evuthiwe. Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwe-proppant nosayizi we-mesh kuncike kakhulu ezicini zemishini zamatshe edalayo kanye nesimo sokucindezeleka esilindelekile phakathi nomjikelezo wokuphila wokukhiqiza. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-proppants ceramic anamandla aphezulu okuchotshozwa ayathandwa ezindaweni ezijulile, ezinokucindezeleka okuphezulu, kanti izihlabathi ezihlanganiswe nge-resin zinikeza ibhalansi phakathi kokudlulisela kanye nokonga izindleko ezindaweni ezijulile ngokulinganiselayo. Ochwepheshe abahlola ububanzi obugcwele bezinketho ezitholakalayo bangabheka okubanzi.IMIKHIQIZOikhasi elivela kwa-Hebei Kaiyuan Oil Proppant Co., Ltd., elikhombisa izigaba ezahlukene ze-proppant kanye nemininingwane eyenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zokusebenza. Leli zinga lokwenza ngokwezifiso liqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso izinhlelo zabo zokuvuselela kumapharamitha ahlukile wezindawo kanye nezomnotho womthombo ngamunye.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti asekelayo kawoyela wezinga eliphezulu kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenza ezidlulela kuyo yonke impilo yomthombo, kusukela ekuqedelweni kokuqala kuze kube ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza kwesikhathi eside. Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fracture conductivity, eguqulela ngqo ezingeni eliphezulu lokuqala lokukhiqiza kanye nezinga elithuthukisiwe lokubuyisa okuphelele kwemithombo kawoyela negesi. Imithombo eqedwe ngama-proppants akhethwe kahle ngokuvamile ibonisa izindlela zokwehla ezihamba kancane, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhiqize imali enkulu kuyo yonke impilo yempahla ngenkathi behlehlisa isidingo sokwelashwa okubizayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza lokhu kugqama kakhulu emithonjeni ye-ultra-low permeability, lapho ngisho nokwanda okuncane ku-conductivity kungaletha ukwanda okungalingani ekusebenzeni kokubuyisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-proppants ahlala njalo kunciphisa ubungozi bokukhiqiza ama-fines kanye nokuchotshozwa kwama-proppant, okungavala amanethiwekhi e-fracture futhi kudingeke imisebenzi yokulungisa ebiza kakhulu njengokufakelwa kabusha noma ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali.

Ngokombono wezomnotho, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphambili kuma-proppants aphezulu kuvame ukulungiswa ngokunyuka okuhambisanayo ekusebenzeni komthombo kanye nokuncishiswa kwezingozi zokusebenza. Abasebenzisi ababeka phambili ikhwalithi ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqedela njalo bathola izindleko zokuthola nokuthuthukisa eziphansi nge-barrel kawoyela ofanayo, kuthuthukisa inzuzo yonke yezinhlelo zabo zokubhola. Ukutholakala kwezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yezezimali ngokunika amandla abasebenzisi ukuthi bahambisane nezici ze-proppant ngokunembayo nezimo zesitoreji, bagweme kokubili ukwakhiwa ngokweqile nokusebenza okungaphansi. Ochwepheshe abanesifiso sokufunda kabanzi ngezindinganiso zokukhiqiza nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ngemuva kwezinto lezi bangavakashela i-MAYELANA NATHI ikhasi ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuqinile nokuqhubeka kokuqhubeka kuthuthukisa kanjani ukwethembeka komkhiqizo okungaguquki. Ngokuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwe-proppant kucebo lokuphathwa kwesihle esiphelele, izinkampani zingavula inani elingeziwe kusuka esisekelweni sazo sezimpahla esikhona ngenkathi zigcina ukuguquguquka kokusebenza okudingekayo ukuze kudlule ezimakethe eziguquguqukayo zemikhiqizo.

Umkhondo wezemvelo wezinto ezisekelayo zikaphethiloli uyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubathintekayo bemboni, abalawuli, kanye nomphakathi obanzi, okushukumisa ubuchule kokubili kusayensi yezinto kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza. Imisebenzi yendabuko yokumba nokucubungula izinto ezisekelayo ingathinta ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, izinsiza zamanzi, kanye nezemvelo yendawo uma ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele, okwenza izinkampani zamukele izindlela zokukhipha ezizinzile kanye nezinqubo zokubuyisela. Imboni iphendule ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu njengezindlela zokumba ezomile, izinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha kwamanzi ezivalekile, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucindezela uthuli ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqukela ezintweni ezisekelayo ezitholakala endaweni kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto zokuthutha futhi kusekela umnotho wesifunda, okuhambisana nezinjongo ezibanzi ezihlobene namandla avuselelekayo kanye nentuthuko esimeme. Le mizamo ibonisa ukuthi umkhakha wokukhipha i-hydrocarbon uyakwazi ukuguqula izindlela zawo ukuze uhlangane namazinga aphezulu emvelo ngenkathi ugcina ukusebenza kwezomnotho.

Ngokubheka phambili, ukuhlangana kobuchwepheshe be-proppant nokugcinwa kwemvelo kudala amathuba amasha okuthuthukiswa kwezinto kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo. Abacwaningi bahlola ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezilula, ezinamandla aphezulu ezidinga amandla amancane ukuthuthwa nokusingathwa, kanye nezithako ezingaboli ezinciphisa umthwalo wamakhemikhali woketshezi oluqhekekayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezendlalelo ezithuthukisiwe ze-proppant ezithuthukisa ukudlulisela kumazinga aphansi nakho kunomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinsiza ngokunciphisa inani eliphelele lezinto ezidingekayo emthonjeni ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kokukhethwa kwe-proppant ezingxoxweni ezibanzi zezinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo kugqamisa ubudlelwano obuhambisanayo phakathi kwamandla avamile kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha obuhlanzekile. Izinkampani ezitshala imali kuUcwaningo Nokuthuthukiswayezixazululo ze-proppant ezithuthukisiwe zemvelo zizibeka ukuthi zihlangane nokulindela okushintshayo kwabahlomulayo, abalawuli, nemiphakathi, ziqinisekisa ilayisensi yesikhathi eside yokusebenza emhlabeni oqhubeka nokuba noqeqesho oluqhubekayo.

Ikusasa yama-ejenti asekela uwoyela ilwengwa yizinto eziningi ezihlangene, okubalwa ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali ekuguguleni, ukufuna ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokugxila kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamandla anomthelela omncane ku-carbon. Enye yezinto eziguqula kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-data analytics kanye ne-machine learning ekukhetheni i-proppant kanye nokuklama ukuqhekeka, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bacubungule idatha enkulu evela emithonjeni eseduze kanye nezivivinyo zaselebhu ukuze babikezele izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu ze-proppant kanye namasu okubeka ngokunemba okungakaze kubonwe. Le ndlela esekelwe kudatha yehlisa ukuzama nokuhluleka ekuklameni kokuqedela, yonga isikhathi nemali ngenkathi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komthombo emikhakheni yokuthuthukiswa. Ngaleso sikhathi, intuthuko kusayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ikhiqiza izizukulwane ezilandelayo ze-proppants ezinezici ezithuthukisiwe, okubalwa ama-ceramics alula kakhulu, ama-polymers anenkumbulo yesimo, kanye ne-coatings enezici eziningi ezikwazi ukubhekana nezinselelo ezithile zesitoreji njengokwakheka kwesikali noma ukuthutha kwezinhlamvu ezincane. Lezi zinto ezintsha zithuthukiswa kakhulu abakhiqizi abakhethekile abazinikele ekugudluzeni imingcele yokusebenza kwe-proppant.

Enye yezinto ezinkulu eziguqukayo ukwanda kwesidingo sezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezihambisana nezimo ezihlukile zezindawo zokumba kanye nokusebenza kwemigodi ngayinye noma izindawo, kunokuthembela kumikhiqizo eyenziwe ngendlela efanayo. Leli shintsho lishukumisa ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwabaqhubi, izinkampani zezinsizakalo, nabakhiqizi, kukhuthaza indlela yokubonisana ekwakhiweni kwe-proppant efana namamodeli wamandla okubonisana aboniswa kwezinye izimboni. Amandla okwenza izinhlanganisela ezintsha ngokushesha nokuzihlola ezindaweni ezincane zokuhlola ziyaba yinto ehlukanisa abantu abancintisana nabo, njengoba kunjalo namandla okuletha ukuphathwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokwesekwa kwezinto zokuhambisa imikhankaso yokumba ezindaweni ezikude. Abaqhubi abafuna izilungiselelo ze-proppant ezenziwe ngokwezifiso bangahlolaYenziwe Ngokwezifiso izinketho zesevisi ezinikezwa abahlinzeki abahamba phambili ukubhekana nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza. Njengoba ushintsho lwamandla luqhubeka, indima yama-ejenti asekelayo kaphethiloli izoqhubeka nokuguquguquka, ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle futhi buhlise umthelela omubi emvelweni, buqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinto zihlala zisebenza emhlabeni ogxile kakhulu kumandla avuselelekayo kanye nentuthuko esimeme kanye nokuhlalisana kwawo wonke amandla & imithombo.

Ngokuphetha, ama-agent asekelayo kaphethiloli amele ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-hydrocarbon esimanjemanje, anemiphumela eqondile ekukhiqizeni komthombo, inzuzo yezomnotho, nokusebenza kwemvelo. Kubachwepheshe bemboni, ukuhlala unolwazi ngezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe be-proppant, izindlela ezingcono kakhulu ekukhetheni nasekubekeni, kanye nesimo esiguqukayo sezimiso kubalulekile ukuze ugcine umkhawulo wokuncintisana. Ukubambisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwabakhiqizi, abasebenzisi, nezikhungo zocwaningo kuyaqhubeka nokushayela izinto ezintsha kule ndawo, kuthola izinto eziqinile, ezilula, futhi ezihambisana nemvelo kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe nezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ezitholakala kubakhiqizi abasungulwe njengo-Hebei Kaiyuan Oil Proppant Co., Ltd. (河北凯源石油支撑剂有限公司), izinkampani zingaqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yazo yokuhlukanisa ihlelelwe ukusebenza kwamanje nokusimama esikhathini esizayo. Ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwama-agent asekelayo kaphethiloli kuzohlala kuyisici esibalulekile sempumelelo embonini yamandla emhlabeni wonke iminyaka ezayo.